STRUCTUR AND FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY

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            Name               :           Lidia Sarah Panggabean

            Nim                 :           4132220016

            Class                :           Biology B 2013

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

MEDAN

2014

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY

A.   Order the Head (Skull)

Order the head function to serves to protect the there are important organs in the head, among other brain.

1.      Hair function to :

a.        protect the scalp from the sun and cold.

b.      withstand sweat and rain on the forehead and then to the eye.

c.       increasing humidity dihiruptanda secondary sex for adult men.

d.      expel moisture from the skin which helps the skin to be dry enough to prevent

e.       development of bacteria that emit odors.

f.       as sensors

g.       provide warmth, a visual indication of sexual maturity, the collection of pheromones spending, reducing external friction during intercourse, protector overgrown pubic hair region, because this region is sensitive.

2.      Brain function to:                   

a.        central nervous system,

b.      activates muscles and helps the body secrete chemicals that allow the body to respond to external stimuli,

c.       self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thinking, which makes human beings are the most intelligent species on earth.

3.      Eyes  (sense of sight).

a.        The white part is called the sclera.

Sclera is the connective tissue strong, yet elastic.

Sclera serves to protect the eyeball.

b.      The colored part of the eye is called the iris. Indonesian people generally have a brown iris.

c.        The center of the black dots are called the pupil. The pupil is the entrance of light. The pupils will shrink if it is in a bright and enlarged if it is in a dark place.

d.      The front of the cornea are the iris and pupil. The cornea is the clear and transparent. The cornea serves to focus and adjust the incoming light.

e.      The Lens  Eye shadow serves to form the object being viewed.

f.        Retina Serves as a shadow catcher screen objects seen.

g.       Nerves Eye serves to continue the stimulus to the brain.

h.      Eye muscle serves to move the eyeball.

4.      Ear (auditory) is divided into three parts.

a.        The outer ear consists of the ear serves to help focus sound
entrance to the ear canal and the ear hole serves to channel sound to the tympanic membrane ear.

b.      Middle ear; consists of the eardrum membrane serves to capture the sound of the ear canal and the ossicles serve to continue the sound vibrations.
The sound vibrations coming from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.

c.        In the middle ear there is a channel that connects the ear to the base of the throat (Eustashius), controls the air pressure inside and outside the ear remains balanced.

d.      The inner ear; consists of the cochlea which have nerve cells as the recipient of the sound vibration of the bones of hearing) and balance tool .

e.      Nerve cells
Received sound vibrations transmitted to the brain.

5.      Nose (olfactory senses).
Nasal respiratory function for.

a.       Hairy nasal cavity that serves to filter the air that enters the nose.

6.      Tongue (sense of taste).
The rough surface of the tongue are the nerve that serves the taste buds to savor the flavor.
The tongue can sense four different flavors, namely :

a.       Rear right and left side serve to sour taste.

b.      The front end serves to taste sweet,

c.       Back serves to taste bitter.

d.      The tip of the right and left side serve to taste salty.

7.      Lips.
Lip serves to:

a.       Ensure that food is not scattered out

b.      Feel hot and cold food

c.       Speak clearly

d.      smile.

8.      Teeth.
Teeth serve to:

a.        Cutting food.

b.      Encourage the growth of the jaw so the symmetrical shape of the face.

9.      Cheek bones.
Cheekbones serve to give shape to the cheeks.

10.  Neck.
Neck serves to connect the head to the body and to support the head so that the head can be upright, nodded, turned, and serves as the respiratory tract.

B.   Board order.

a.       Entity framework serves to protect  organs - organs such as the lungs, heart, liver and others.

b.      as an enforcement body

c.        As a body shaper

d.       As a place of attachment of the muscle (skeletal muscle)

e.      As an important part of the body protector

f.        As the formation of red blood cells

g.       As a means of passive motion

1.      Sternum and Rib Serves.

Sternum and rib serves function to protect the organs in the chest, such as the heart and lungs.

2.      Backbone serves to protect the spinal marrow containing many nerve cells and connect directly to the brain and throughout the body.

3.      heart function to :

a. pumping the blood in our body’

b. provide oxygenated blood to all organs of the body through blood vessels. The heart is located on the left side of the chest and is protected by the ribs.

4.      Lungs function to :

a. assist in breathing and is the most important organ of the respiratory system

b. dispose of carbon dioxide and other impurities from the blood veins.

5.      Diaphragm  function to assist in respiration.

6.      Stmach Function to :

a. change the size and shape.

b. into the specific bacteria that produce enzymes needed for digestion.

7.      Liver function to :

a. filtering harmful substances from the blood,

b. keeping cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood,

c. secreting specific amino acids,

d. storing vitamins and minerals,

e. secrete chemicals that break down fat, and

f. converts glucose into glycogen.

8.       Pancreas function to remove the pancreatic juice and insulin.

9.      Spleen function to :

a. filter the blood.

b. help in the fight against certain bacteria that can cause pneumonia and meningitis.

10.  Gallbladder function to :

a. store bile, which is secreted by the liver until it is needed for digestion,

b. assist in the digestion of fats.

11.  Small intestine funtion  to absorb the nutrients and minerals in the food and the digested food passes into the large intestin.

12.  Large Intestine funtion to absorb water and electrolytes from the rest of the digestive and keep dirt until excreted

13.  Adrenal glands function to :

a. hormone secretion in response to stress.

b. responsible for hormones like cortisol, estrogen and testosterone, which perform several important functions

14.  Kidney function to :

a.       excrete urine into the ureter, which passed out of the body.

b.      control the fluid balance of the body and helps in the reabsorption of water, glucose and amino acids.

15.  Ovary function to :

a. secrete the female hormones estrogen and progesterone

b. produces eggs called ovum, during fertilization

development of secondary sex characteristics in women at puberty.

16.  Uterus function to nourish the ovum and hold until the fetus is mature enough to be born.

17.  Testes function to produce sperm in males and secrete androgens

18.  Ureter function to carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

19.  Bladder function to store urine before it is excreted.

20.  Urethral function to carries semen. The presence of the urethral sphincter muscles helps in conscious control over urination.

C.   Limb (Extremity)

1.      Hands function to grip something.

2.      Feet serve to support the body and to walk